Acute low back pain self‐management intervention for urban primary care patients: Rationale,design, and predictors of participation

Objectives

To describe the rationale and design of a self‐management program for low‐income, urban, primary care patients with acute low back pain. Issues related to recruitment and protocol delivery, and attendance patterns and predictors of program attendance are described.

Methods

Two hundred eleven adult patients (73% female; 60% African American) were recruited from primary care neighborhood health centers. Focus groups were conducted for program development, and participants then completed a baseline interview and were randomized into groups receiving either usual care or a self‐management intervention.

Results

Twenty‐nine percent of the intervention group attended the self‐management class. Significant predictors of attendance included being older, reporting less income, and not working for pay. Attendees did not differ from nonattendees on back pain severity, symptoms, health‐related quality of life, self‐management processes, or satisfaction with care.

Conclusion

Effective minimal‐contact behavioral interventions are needed to reach larger portions of the patient population.

     

Elevated IGF2 prevents leptin induction and terminal adipocyte differentiation in hemangioma stem cells

Infantile hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor that exhibits a unique yet predictable lifecycle of rapid proliferation followed by spontaneous regression. Recent studies have identified that insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2), a fetal mitogen, is highly expressed during the proliferative phase of hemangioma growth. Since hemangiomas arise from CD133 + stem cells, high levels of IGF2 may regulate the activity of the stem cells and therefore, hemangioma growth. The aim of this study was to understand the functional significance of elevated IGF2 in hemangiomas. We show that IGF2 localizes to the CD133 + cells in hemangioma specimens. We, therefore, hypothesized that IGF2 may be regulating the plasticity of hemangioma stem cells. To test our hypothesis, we used CD133-selected cells from hemangiomas to knockdown the expression of IGF2. We found that IGF2 is a mitogen for hemangioma stem cells and prevents leptin induction and full terminal differentiation of hemangioma stem cells into adipocytes. We also show that IGF2 does not alter the initial commitment phase. These findings implicate an important role of IGF2 in expanding hemangioma stem cells and preventing terminal adipocyte differentiation.     

肺复张对肺内/外源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征模型犬呼吸生理和肺形态学影响的比较

目的 探讨以压力-容积(P-V)曲线为导向的肺复张(RM)策略对肺内/外源性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDSexp/ARDSp)模型犬呼吸生理和肺形态学的影响.方法 将24只健康杂种犬按随机数字表法均分为两组,分别以静脉注射油酸0.1 ml/kg复制ARDSexp模型,以气管内注入盐酸2 ml/kg复制ARDSp模型.每种模型再随机均分为肺保护通气策略(LPVS)组和LPVS+RM组.LPVS组采用LPVS进行机械通气(MV);LPVS+RM组先进行以P-V曲线为导向的RM,RM采用压力控制通气(PCV),压力上限为高位转折点(UIP),呼气末正压(PEEP)为低位转折点(LLP)+2 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),维持60 s后再按LPVS进行MV.两组MV时间均为4 h.观察动物基础状态(成模前)及RM前后的氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、呼吸力学指标变化;采用低流速法记录准静态P-V曲线并计算UIP、LIP ;根据肺CT比较不同肺充气区容积占全肺容积的百分比.结果 成模前和RM前两组PaO2/FiO2及UIP、LIP比较差异均无统计学意义.RM后4 h,两种模型LPVS+RM组PaO2/FiO2和肺顺应性(Crs)均较同模型LPVS组显著升高[ARDSexp模型PaO,/FiO2(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa):263.9±69.2比182.8±42.8,Crs(ml/cm H2O):11.3±4.2比9.7±3.7;ARDSp模型PaO2/FiO2(mm Hg):193.4±33.5比176.4±40.2,Crs(ml/cm H2O):10.1±3.9比9.0±3.9,P＜0.05或P＜0.01],气道压力明显低于同模型LPVS组[ARDSexp模型吸气峰压(PIP,cm H2O):24.1±7.4比30.2±8.5,气道平台压(Pplat,cm H2O):19.1±7.3比25.6±7.7;ARDSp模型PIP(cm H2O):26.6±8.4比29.6±10.3,Pplat(cm H2O):21.9±7.3比25.1±8.4,P＜0.05或P＜0.01];且ARDSexp模型改善程度较ARDSp模型更为显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).两种模型LPVS+RM组肺组织闭合区和充气不足区所占比例均较同模型LPVS组明显减少,正常充气区所占比例明显增加[ARDSexp模型闭合区:(9.9±3.1)%比(16.3±5.2)%,充气不足区:(10.2±4.2)%比(23.4±6.7)%,正常充气区:(76.2±12.3)%比(57.5±10.1)%;ARDSp模型闭合区:(14.3±4.8)%比(1 8.2±5.1)%,充气不足区:(17.4±6.3)%比(24.1±5.9)%,正常充气区:(63.2±10.7)%比(54.6±11.3)%,P＜0.05或P＜0.01];且ARDSexp模型各充气区所占比例改善程度均明显优于ARDSp模型(均P＜0.05).结论 对于不同原因ARDS,以P-V曲线为导向的RM均具有增加肺氧合、改善肺顺应性和肺组织通气的作用,且对ARDSexp的治疗效果明显优于ARDSp.

Abstract：

Objective To determine effects of recruitment maneuver (RM) guided by pressure-volume (P-V) curve on respiratory physiology and lung morphology in canine models of acute respiratory distress syndrome of pulmonary or extrapulmonary origin (ARDSp and ARDSexp). Methods Twenty-four healthy dogs were randomly divided into two groups with 12 dogs each: ARDSexp and ARDSp. Each dog in ARDSexp group was injected with oleic acid 0. 1 ml/kg through femoral vein, and each dog in ARDSp group received hydrochloric acid 2 ml/kg via trachea. Subsequently, dogs with both models were randomly subdivided into lung protective ventilation strategy (LPVS) group and LPVS+RM group, respectively. Dogs in LPVS group were given LPVS only without RM. RM guided by P-V curve was performed in LPVS+RM group followed by LPVS and pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) mode was selected. Phigh was set at upper inflection point (UIP) of the P-V curve, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set at lower inflection point (LIP)+2 cm H2O (1 cm H2O=0. 098 kPa), and the duration of RM was 60 seconds. The duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) in both subgroups was 4 hours. The oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), relative lung mechanical indexes were measured in two ARDS models before establishment of ARDS model, and before and after RM. The UIP and LIP were calculated with P-V curve. The percentage of different volume in ventilation of lung accounting for total lung volume was compared by CT scan.Results The PaO2/FiO2, UIP and LIP did not showed significant differences among all groups before ARDSand before RM. PaO2/FiO2 and respiratory system compliance (Crs) were significantly elevated in LPVS+RM group of both models 4 hours after RM compared with corresponding LPVS group [PaO2/FiO2(mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa) of ARDSexp model: 263. 9±69. 2 vs. 182.8±42. 8, Crs (ml/cm H2O) of ARDSexp model: 11.3±4. 2 vs. 9. 7±3. 7; PaO2/FiO2(mm Hg) of ARDSp model: 193. 4±33.5 vs. 176. 4±40. 2, Crs (ml/cm H2O) of ARDSp model: 10.1±3.9 vs. 9.0±3.9, P＜0. 05 or P＜0.01], and the airway pressure was significantly declined compared with corresponding LPVS group [peak inspiratory pressure (PIP),cm H2O) of ARDSexp model: 24. 1±7. 4 vs. 30. 2±8. 5, plateau pressure (Pplat, cm H2O) of ARDSexp model: 19.1±7.3 vs. 25.6±7.7; PIP (cm H2O) of ARDSp model: 26.6±8.4 vs. 29.6±10.3, Pplat (cm H2O) of ARDSp model: 21.9±7. 3 vs. 25.1±8.4, P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01]. Moreover, PaO2/FiO2, Crs,PIP and Pplat were improved better in ARDSexp model than ARDSp model (P＜ 0. 05 or P＜ 0. 01).Compared with LPVS maneuver, RM plus LPVS maneuver could significantly decrease the proportion of closure and hypoventilation region, and increase the proportion of normal ventilation region in both models [closure region of ARDSexp model : (9.9±3.1) % vs. (16. 3± 5. 2) %, hypoventilation region of ARDSexp model: (10. 2±4.2)% vs. (23. 4±6. 7)%, normal ventilation region of ARDSexp model: (76. 2±12. 3)%vs. (57.5±10. 1)%; closure region of ARDSp model: (14.3±4. 8)% vs. (18. 2±5.1)%, hypoventilation region of ARDSp model : (17.4±6. 3) % vs. ( 24. 1 ± 5. 9) 0%, normal ventilation region of ARDSp model :(63. 2 ± 10. 7 ) % vs. ( 54. 6±11.3 ) %, P ＜ 0. 05 or P ＜ 0. 01]. All of the ventilation regions were better improved with ARDSexp model than ARDSp model (all P＜0. 05). Conclusion RM guided by P-V curve could help obtain better oxygenation, improve pulmonary compliance and lung ventilation in ARDSexp and ARDSp, and better treatment effects are seen in ARDSexp dogs than ARDSp dogs.     

Cell therapy and satellite centers: The cardiovascular cell therapy research network experience

Due to the changing population in patients with myocardial infarction, recruiting patients in clinical trials continues to challenge clinical investigators. The Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) chose to expand the reach and power of its recruitment effort by incorporating both referral and treatment satellite centers. Eight treatment satellites were successfully identified and they screened patients over a two year period. The result of this effort was an increase in recruitment, with these treatment satellites contributing 30% of the patients to two of the three Network studies. The hurdles that these satellite treatment centers faced and how they surmounted them provide instruction to clinical research groups eager to expand to satellite systems and to health care practitioners who are interested in taking part in multicenter clinical trials.     

关于我国公立医院会计计量属性的思考

通过对《医院会计制度(1999)》和《医院会计制度》(征求意见稿)中的会计计量属性问题进行分析,认为我国公立医院应该在会计核算中逐步扩大公允价值的使用范围。建议最初可以先确认相关资产的未实现损失,此后可以确认相关资产的未实现利得。     

上海医学院博士研究生招生制度改革的调查研究

2007年和2008年,复旦大学上海医学院实行了博士研究生招生考试一申请制.为了总结2年来博士研究生招生制度改革的实践,上海医学院对2008年博士研究生考生和导师进行了随机和匿名问卷调查.结果 显示,大部分受访者对招生制度改革给予了充分的肯定,同时对博士研究生招生工作提出了一些建设性的建议.     

不同方式招募的男男性行为人群HIV感染高危性行为比较分析

【摘要】 目的 分析镇江市不同方式招募的男男同性性行为人群（MSM）的HIV感染高危性行为差异,为艾滋病的精准防控提供数据支持。方法 2020年4 - 6月通过疾病预防控制中心（CDC）自愿咨询检测（VCT）门诊和社区组织（CBO）两种方式在镇江范围内招募MSM人群作为研究对象,采用统一调查问卷收集目标人群的一般人口学特征、药物滥用、HIV检测史和高危性行为等信息。卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法检验分析不同途径招募的MSM人群之间相关特征的差异。结果 两种方式共招募641例MSM,其中CBO招募442例占68.95%,CDC招募199例占31.05%;CBO招募的MSM中,20岁以下占比（6.56%）显著高于CDC招募方式（1.01%,χ2 = 9.20,P = 0.002）;CDC 招募的MSM人群使用卫生专业机构和新型网络媒体接受毒品潜在危害信息宣教的比例分别为7.54% （15例）和16.58%（33例）,均显著高于CBO组［3.39%（15例）,χ2 = 5.28,P = 0.022;9.50%（42例）,χ2 = 6.66,P = 0.010］。CBO招募的MSM群交性行为发生率为25.21%（30例）,与女性发生无保护性行为的比例为47.51%（210例）,均显著高于CDC招募组［7.50%（6例）,χ2 = 10.13,P = 0.001;27.64%（55例）,χ2 = 22.35,P < 0.001］,而CBO招募者中异性恋的比例（2.04%,9例）、不清楚性伴HIV感染状态的比例（22.40%,99例）、无保护肛交性行为发生率（39.82%,176例）均显著低于CDC招募的MSM人群［6.53%（13例）,χ2 = 8.37,P = 0.004; 39.70%（79例）,χ2 = 20.48,P < 0.001;57.29%（114例）,χ2 = 16.90,P < 0.001］。 CBO招募的MSM曾经做过HIV检测的比例为74.43%（329例）,最近1次HIV检测途径为CDC的比例为23.10%（76例）,HIV感染率为5.20%（23例）,均显著低于CDC组［80.90%（161例）,χ2 = 3.19,P = 0.074;57.14%（92例）,χ2 = 99.41,P < 0.001;13.07%（26例）,χ2 = 21.85,P < 0.001］。结论 通过CBO和CDC两种方式招募的MSM人群在人口学、行为学上互补,具有一般MSM人群的代表性,应根据人群的不同特点制定艾滋病具体防控措施。     

北京市红十字血液中心献血招募系统开发与应用

结合北京市红十字血液中心自身特点,阐述献血招募系统构建的背景、必要性、基本理论及业务需求,介绍系统总体目标、设计原则、实现方案以及功能模块、系统发展前景。     

浅析构建和谐医院

构筑健康向上、协同进步的和谐医院,就是要提供人性化优质服务,实现医患和谐;把握学科立院、科技兴院原则,重视人才、公平竞争,实现医院内部和谐.     

国际护士流动趋势

综述了目前出现的几种国际护士招募和流动模式,资料集中在那些以英语为母语并积极招募发展中国家护士的国家：美国、英国、爱尔兰和新西兰。这些国家的卫生服务系统有相似之处,并且所需求的护理人员超过了其所培养的能力和速度;它们对护士的需求预计足以耗竭发展中国家的合格护士供给。对护士向这些国家的近期流动模式的研究提示了其对全球卫生所产生的可能的后果。